execute vt. 1.實(shí)行,實(shí)施,執(zhí)行;履行;貫徹,完成。 2.作成,制成(美術(shù)品等);奏(樂曲),演(劇)。 3.〔英國(guó)〕讓渡(財(cái)產(chǎn));經(jīng)過簽名蓋章等手續(xù)使(法律文件等)生效。 4.對(duì)…執(zhí)行死刑,處決。 execute the captain's command 執(zhí)行船長(zhǎng)命令。 execute a deed 簽名使契據(jù)生效。 execute fire 【軍事】開火。 execute one's [duties] office 盡職。 execute the part of Hamlet 扮演哈姆雷特。 execute a painting [statue] 創(chuàng)作一幅畫[一件雕像]。 execute one's promises 踐約,履行契約。 execute an estate 讓渡財(cái)產(chǎn)。 execute a will 使遺囑生效。 be summarily executed 就地正法,當(dāng)場(chǎng)處決,立即處死。
When the conflicts cannot be reconciled, they will have to asc ertain the hierarchy of the self-executing treaties and the contradictory norms 當(dāng)沖突無法避免時(shí),它們必須確定自動(dòng)執(zhí)行條約與相抵觸的法律規(guī)范的效力等級(jí)。
On the other hand, although non-self-executing treaties cannot be directly applied, the courts shall also pay great attention to their various indirect national legal effects 另外,非自動(dòng)執(zhí)行條約雖然不能直接適用,法院還要注意到它們所產(chǎn)生的直接適用以外的多種間接的法律效力。
In the united states, international treaties present at least four distinctive forms, and article vi, section ii of the us constitution adopts them wholesale as the supreme law of the land; nevertheless, since 1829 the courts have come to distinguish the self-executing and non-self-executing treaties, but a large volume of cases and commentaries have controversy and confusion on the differential criteria, which has fallen into four categories in this article : intent, constitutionality, justiciability and private right of action 首先,《美國(guó)憲法》第六條第二款將在國(guó)內(nèi)至少表現(xiàn)為四種不同形式的國(guó)際條約作為整體一攬子采納為全國(guó)最高的法律;但自從1829年,其司法實(shí)踐中開始區(qū)分自動(dòng)執(zhí)行與非自動(dòng)執(zhí)行兩種類型的條約,前者無須進(jìn)一步采取立法或行政上的措施就能直接適用,后者反之。大量的案例和評(píng)論對(duì)于二者的區(qū)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)充滿了爭(zhēng)論與困惑,本文將其分為意圖、合憲性、司法性和私人訴權(quán)四類并加以分析和評(píng)價(jià)。